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Appendix IV. Operators, functions and constants |
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Arithmetic operators
Designation |
Description |
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() |
statement parentheses |
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+ |
add, or unary plus |
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- |
subtract, or unary minus |
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* |
multiply |
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/ |
divide |
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= |
equal |
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% |
divide integer (left-associative) |
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^ |
involute (right-associative) |
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•Left associativity of operations: when the operators have equal precedence, the result of the expression is calculated from left to right, i.e., a % b % c = (a % b) % c. •Right associativity of operations: when operator priorities are equal, the result of the expression is calculated right to left, i.e. a^b^c = a^(b^c). |
Designation |
Description |
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== |
identical |
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!= |
non-identical |
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> |
greater than |
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< |
less than |
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>= |
greater than or equal to |
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<= |
less than or equal to |
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! |
logic negation |
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&& |
logical AND |
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|| |
logical OR |
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?: |
logical expression a ? b : c (if a is true (not equal to 0), then b, otherwise c, where a, b and c can be expressions) |
Designation |
Description |
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sin |
sine (radian argument); |
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cos |
cosine in rads |
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tan |
tangent in rads |
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atan |
arctangent in rads |
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acos |
arccosine in rads |
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asin |
arcsine in rads |
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sind |
sine in degrees |
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cosd |
cosine in degrees |
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tand |
tangent in degrees |
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atand |
arctangent in degrees |
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acosd |
arccosine in degrees |
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asind |
arcsine in degrees |
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deg |
rads to degrees conversion |
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rad |
degrees to rads conversion |
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sqrt |
square root; |
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exp |
exponent; |
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ln |
natural logarithm; |
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lg |
decimal logarithm |
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abs |
modulus; |
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ceil |
rounding off to a larger integer; |
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floor |
rounding off to a smaller integer; |
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round |
rounding off to a nearest integer; |
Designation |
Value |
Description |
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M_FI |
1.6180339887499 |
φ is an irrational number of the golden ratio |
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M_E |
2.71828182845904523536 |
e is the base of the natural logarithm |
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M_PI |
3.14159265358979323846 |
π is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter |
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M_PI_2 |
1.57079632679489661923 |
π/2 |
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M_PI_4 |
0.785398163397448309616 |
π/4 |
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M_PI2 |
6.28318530717959 |
2π |
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M_SQRT2 |
1.41421356237309504880 |
Square Root of 2 |
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M_RADDEG |
57.29577951308 |
You have to choose or enter recalculation factor from radians to degrees (180/π) |
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M_DEGRAD |
0.01745329251994 |
You have to choose or enter recalculation factor from degrees to radians (π/180) |
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FLT_EPS |
1.19209290E-07 |
The difference between two numbers at which these numbers are considered equal |
